It also indicates that the process of formation is an exothermic one. Usually, this value is negative as ionic compounds are stable. The heat of formation is the enthalpy change when forming a compound from its elements. įormation involves the reaction between the elements in their standard states to form the ionic compound. Let us understand how to use Born-Haber cycle to determine the lattice energy of sodium chloride (NaCl). It utilizes the known thermodynamic quantities like ionization energy and electron affinity. The Born-Haber cycle takes advantage of the enthalpy change to determine the lattice energy of ionic compounds indirectly. When summed over the individual steps, the total enthalpy change over a closed cycle is zero. Hess’ law states that the enthalpy change in a chemical process is independent of the path the process takes. The formation of a solid ionic compound from the elemental state of the constituent atoms goes through several steps and involves enthalpy in each step. īorn-Haber cycle uses Hess’s Law to find the lattice energy exclusively. It is due to the electrostatic force of attraction and is responsible for keeping the anions and cations of the compound in fixed positions. Lattice energy is the energy released when one mole of an ionic compound is formed from its constituents in their gaseous state. Born-Haber Cycle and Lattice Energyīorn-Haber cycle is used primarily to calculate lattice energy, which cannot typically be measured directly. The Born-Haber cycle is named after two German scientists, Max Born and Fritz Haber, who developed it in 1919. The process enables one to understand the overall reaction progress through steps by visually representing the energies involved in these steps. It is concerned with forming a stable ionic compound from reacting an alkali or alkaline earth metal with a nonmetal like a halogen or oxygen. Born-Haber cycle is a process that allows one to understand and analyze energies in a chemical reaction.
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